There is often confusion between obedience to rule and conscience: in fact one is the opposite of the other.
When we have rules there is an obligation to obey, without any consideration of right and wrong. On the other hand, conscience gives us a instinctive sense of right and wrong, following some inscrutable law
There is often confusion between obedience to rule and conscience: in fact one is the opposite of the other.
When we have rules there is an obligation to obey, without any consideration of right and wrong. On the other hand, conscience gives us a instinctive sense of right and wrong, following some inscrutable law
Man acquired the judgment of right and wrong following the fall. He became, as God put it, ‘as one of us knowing good and evil’ (Gen 3:22). Prior from that he was not as God. He was not holy for he could not abhor sin. Sin was not in him, so he was unable to judge it. He was under a law ‘do not eat’ which he had only to obey.
But grace has bought us out of the law, but put us under the authority of Christ as Lord. Our obedience to Him is therefore not a matter of conscience. But conscience does come in as we distinguish between what is right and wrong: looking to Christ as a model
In summary there are three things:
Our responsibility to obey God – that is law.
Our sense of good and evil – that is conscience,
Our self-judgment, or repulsion of heart, when an evil act is contemplated – that is holiness.
Darby stated plainly that each species was distinct. Men and women produced human children; cocks and hens produced chickens. God may allow a horse and a donkey to produce a mule but mules do not reproduce. Scientific observation supports the biblical statement that each produces ‘after its kind’ (Gen 1:25).
Evolutionists cannot explain how protoplasm came about, but the Bible tells us that God was pleased when life began, even if it was protoplasm.
Recently I went to the National Museum for Natural History in London and saw some of the dinosaur skeletons. How they fitted into the creational timeline, I do not know – God knows. One thing which amused me – I should say concerned me – was an oxymoronic title on one of the exhibits which spoke of Russel and Darwin discovering the theory of evolution. I ask, ‘How do you discover a theory?’ You cannot discover a theory. A theory is a theory – it’s not a fact. So to discover a theory is completely unscientific. Similarly, Darby in his paper ‘Evolution’ showed how unscientific this was.
Charles Darwin and JN Darby were contemporary with one another. Darwin was nine years younger, but they died at 10 days apart in April 1882. Of course there have been many discoveries and developments since the nineteenth century, but the thought process has not changed. In my opinion, all new discoveries only bring out more questions and doubts about the so-called ‘science’ of evolution.
Darby stated plainly that each species was distinct. Men and women produced human children; cocks and hens produced chickens. God may allow a horse and a donkey to produce a mule but mules do not reproduce. Scientific observation supports the biblical statement that each produces ‘after its kind’ (Gen 1:25).
Evolutionists cannot explain how protoplasm came about, but the Bible tells us that God was pleased when life began, even if it was protoplasm. We can now say the same about DNA. Darby said science is atheistical (I don’t quite understand this – studying physics, biology mathematics or astronomy makes us wonder at God’s creation – Pascal, Newton, Boyle, Fleming and many others were sincere believers). However, it is clear that scientists follow what exists, and do not bring God into the equation. Matter is what exists, and are as far as scientists are concerned matter, or the combination of matter and energy, is eternal. But this cannot be proven. Our finite minds cannot comprehend eternity.
Now as we were saying, each species is distinct. Evolutionists will say that the one species evolved into another, but as they cannot prove it – it remains only a theory. The Christian accepts God as the Creator: God created the animals. ‘God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so’ (Gen 1:24). The earth brought forth the animals, but God formed man. The creation of man was quite distinct. Our God gave man a face to look upwards towards Him, and He breathed into man so that he became a living soul. That is not said of any of the animals. We do not know how this came about other than that Adam had a deep sleep, but we accept it by faith.
Scientists deal with phenomena. Evolution from one species to another is not a phenomenon – it cannot be observed. Whilst species adapt (evolution in a small sense), nobody man has observed the gradual migration of one species to another: half man, half ape for example. This would have been necessary were evolution to be true. Evolution is therefore not scientific.
Darby asks what the answer is. Though many scientists have faith, it would seem that infidel scientists choose to ignore the fixed laws of science, and are afraid to be honest. Man’s mind cannot go further than antecedents and consequences: a point comes where speculation has to stop.
The Lord’s first coming: He came in flesh, but only those who received Him knew Him, and that through the Spirit.
His second coming: He is seen by all.
Hence His first coming was really a spiritual one; the true coming will be the second.
‘After These Things’ Chapter 5.5 – The Lord’s Second Coming and the Church’s Witness
From our book ‘After These Things – Summaries of John Nelson Darby’s Papers on Prophecy – and more…’ Compiled by Daniel Roberts. For more about this book click on the picture or CLICK HERE
The Lord’s first coming: He came in flesh, but only those who received Him knew Him, and that through the Spirit.
His second coming: He is seen by all.
Hence His first coming was really a spiritual one; the true coming will be the second.
Although in His first coming He came in the flesh, He was only known spiritually. No man could come to Him, except the Father who had sent Him draw him (See John 6:44). He said to them, ‘The words that I speak unto you they are Spirit and they are Life’ (John 6:63). So those who heard, believed and kept His word had everlasting life: their eyes were opened by to see Him through the Father’s grace. They were taught of God and knew who He was – the Son. Others saw His miracles, but He would not commit Himself to them – He spoke in parables.
The real personal coming of the Lord Jesus is His second coming. It will not be merely a revelation to believers, but ‘every eye shall see him, they also which pierced him’ (Rev 1:7). His, the Son’s, glory will be known.
Christ is now in glory. That is how the church knows Him now. If the church denies this, it ceases to be the church: the ground of its very existence has ceased – it has ceased to exist in the sight of God. Although salvation may be taught in a casual way, there is not faith as a church and the Spirit has no office in it, for His office is to testify of Jesus and His glory. Even if the church suffers, that suffering is for nothing because it is joined to the world – it has ceased in its true existence. The same applies to individuals, even evangelicals, who deny the Spirit’s voice witnessing His glory.
Nevertheless, God has not left Himself without witness. We may be all mixed up, with our errors, weaknesses, and even unbelief. But the witness in the true church has not ceased to exist. Competent members of the church acknowledge of the power of reconciliation in Christ, and the testimony of the Word of God. They believe it, submitting to God, and know the presence of the Holy Spirit, looking forward to the return of the Lord Jesus. They are they the glory and hope of the church. Here is a church with faith – held in humility.
May God our Father keep us humble, holy in spirit and conversation giving us grace, patience, and that of faith. May we and lean in faith upon His word in the certainty of His love, qualifying us for His glory, forgiving us our weakness for Jesus sake, our Lord, and in Him.
From our book ‘After These Things – Summaries of John Nelson Darby’s Papers on Prophecy – and more…’ Compiled by Daniel Roberts. For more about this book click on the picture or CLICK HERE
The John Nelson Darby Prophetic Map
In 1828 or 1829 J N Darby drew his ‘Prophetic Map’ (see JND Notes & Comments Vol 2 – page 192).
This chapter looks back over what Darby wrote in the light of various things that have happened in the world since then, as well as their social consequences. For example:
The break-up of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of many independent states in the Middle East.
The first and second World Wars.
The Treaty of Rome and the European Union.
NATO and allies.
The United Nations and other treaty organisations.
The rise and fall of the Russian (Soviet) Empire and its resurgent ambitions.
Former Warsaw Pact nations aligning themselves with the West, joining NATO and the European Union.
Colonial independence from Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands etc.
Post-WW2 political and later economic migration.
Formation of the State of Israel and territorial disputes.
The growing significance of Islam, and the hostility between the Sunni and Shi’ite divisions.
Islamic Jihad terrorist organisations such as ‘Islamic State’, al Qaeda and Boko Haram.
The wealth of Arab families and states due to oil.
Increased material wealth and generally reduced poverty.
The dominance of the United States as a world power (now challenged by China).
Improvements in health care.
Legalisation and even promotion of unorthodox/immoral lifestyles.
Modern communications, radio, TV and the internet.
Faster and easier transportation.
Space exploration.
Sub-atomic science.
The green movement
The large migration of Eastern people to Europe, America and elsewhere, bringing the influence of religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism.
Writing this in 2020, I must include the Covid-19 pandemic.
It hardly needs to be said that this does not involve the church. However, we Christians should be intelligent as to events in the world, and also know what will happen on Earth after the Rapture of the church. Of course, we will not be here!
Europe, the ‘Western World’ and the Antichrist
Europeans are primarily descendants of Japheth, Gomer (hence Germany) also known as Cimmerians – from which Cimbri – Celts), and Magog (Scythians/Russians), and Madai (Medes), and Javan (Greece) , Tubal (Tiblisi? i.e. the Caucuses), and Meshech/Moschi (often interpreted as Moscow – the north quarters), and Tiras (probably Goths/Scandinavians) see Genesis 10:2-3 (and Elicott’s Ethnological Table[1]. However, with so much migration over the millennia, clear demarcations are impossible.
Darby believed that France, not the USA, would become the dominant Western power. At the time France was in turmoil: Napoleon, whose objective had been European integration, had been defeated, and there was continued unrest up to the establishment of the Second Republic in 1848. France would not have been considered a potential leader of Europe at any time during JND’s adult life, it being in trouble again in the 1870s after the Franco-Prussian war. (Admittedly Darby was a ‘Francophile’).
European Unity
In drawing up his Prophetic Map, Darby foresaw European unity – at least as nation states working together, and that is what we have. At the time of writing (2020), Britain had just withdrawn from the European Union. Nevertheless, it will remain in the larger political/military grouping of NATO. However, it will not be in a position to lead Europe. Indeed, in Darby’s paper England is described as a minor irritant – this must have been perceptive considering the world dominant position of the British Empire in the 1800’s.
Germany, whilst the largest economy, has never led, still being held back by the WW2 legacy. Hitler, another prefigurement of the Antichrist, had thankfully been defeated. Darby referred to Austria. Of course, this country’s influence has become minor since the fall of the Hapsburgs, and even more so since Hitler (an Austrian) annexed the country to Germany. It would remain part of the West European nations. Darby was also critical of Poland, and to date, the role of this populous nation has been limited to its part in the downfall of the Soviet system, and to providing the Pope in office at the time.
Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholicism will be the dominant religion, especially as so-called Protestant churches veer towards Rome. Elsewhere Darby made it clear that this would be increasingly so despite the strength of atheistic secularism. The large influx of Muslims and those of Eastern religions will in time make way for the unified false Babylon religion. Already, in the UK, Muslims represent about 10% of the religiously active population, with Hindus, Sikhs and Buddhists making 5%. There is even a trend to pre-Christian paganism.
Biblically the sphere of operations is the area covered by the Roman Empire and some extensions in Europe, Asia and Africa. Outgoings of Europe in the rest of the world – USA, Canada, Australia, Latin America etc., are not part of the sphere or provide leadership, but can be regarded as part of the expanded Roman Empire in Revelation.
Did Darby foresee the modern advances in technology and its impact? He saw the improvement in communications and was not ignorant of scientific thought. What is clear from his writings is that he relates a lot to the influence of the East, embraced by the West.
So, it is possible that France will be the dominant Western force, supporting Darby’s prediction that the Antichrist would come from that country, despite all that has happened in
J N Darby Prophetic Map
the last 200 years. Who knows? On the European side, we have Russia, referred to in prophecy as Rosh and Meshech and Tubal (see above). He thought that Russia would come to dominate Turkey-in-Asia, but I believe that if it does, it will control the whole country. Istanbul is as much Turkey as Ankara. This is not impossible. Whilst Turkey has been a member of NATO for decades and would like to join the European Union, there are areas of tension with NATO and strong resistance to its joining the EU. Like Russia, it does not have true democratic government. Having lost the Eastern European countries to the EU after the fall of communism, there is little doubt that Russia would like to extend its sphere of influence and control.
Russia
The other area that Darby thought that Russia would dominate (though not control) is that of Persia (Iran) and Media the Japhetic children of Medai[2]. Darby’s map shows this area extending eastwards as far as the Indus River, and therefore embracing a lot of Pakistan and Afghanistan, and southwards to include Syria and Lebanon. Although those countries are mostly Sunni, Iran would like to control all the Muslim regions in that part of the world.
Islam
Significantly Darby hardly mentions Islam – just four passing references to Mohammed or the religion. Any review must take account of the increased profile of this religion, its divisions and the violent actions in its name. He never referred to the two opposing Sunni and Shi’ite divisions of that religion. The Shi’ite religion, with its observance of shrines and icons, is probably more compatible with Orthodox Christendom, so there is a natural fit here. The Assyrians are referred to a lot – basically the same people.
Finally, in this group are the descendants of Nimrod, the hunter. These Hamites led to the Huns and the Magyars, now occupying Hungary and much of the Balkans. Russia would have to wrest these countries from the EU and stop Serbia and Ukraine from joining.
Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the King of the South
The area ‘between the two rivers’ (i.e. the Euphrates and the Nile) is occupied by descendants of Shem and Ham. Ishmael (Arabs) and Hamites – from Cush, Phut and Mizraim (Egypt and North Africa) are generally stricter, puritanical Sunni Muslims rivalling the Shi’ites to the north. Doubtless, due to financial relationships with the West, Darby’s words could be fulfilled, ‘Eastern descendants of Ham, just as the western or southern descendants of Ham will be at the steps of Antichrist or the mature apostate body, for they will be judged as Antichrist, Gog and Magog, for coming against the Jews.’ [3]
The Prophetic Map: What does all this mean?
All this is very interesting but has no direct bearing on the Church. But as Darby says, ‘There is not a more important chapter in Scripture as to the providence of God than Genesis 10. The Noahic and Abrahamic earth under Providence leaves the will of man to act. All the powers of the world will be brought together as they have acted within the limits of God’s known providence and formed the subject of Scriptural statements as to kingdoms, i.e., powers in the world previous to the interposition and restoration of the four great kingdoms with the power of Ezekiel (especially ch. 38), acting as described in Joel (chs. 2 and 3); and of other types. The Gog and Magog of Revelation include all and runs over the whole extent of the inhabited earth, not the powers of the earth as in the formative system, for then the system is formed and it is re-action, in God’s wisdom and permission, of judgment on those not truly of it, as I am led to believe.63’
Did you follow all this, dear Reader?
If you, like me, did not follow all this reasoning, you may not qualify academically to be among the theological intelligentsia. However, this will not affect the enjoyment of your relationship with the blessed Man who is at the centre of prophecy and of God’s economy of love!
[1] See Charles Ellicott: Ethnology of the Ancient Church
[2] Darby said that that Persia (Iran) was a subservient Hamitic people, but their language would not appear support this. Probably he was referring to what we now know as the Iraqis who speak Arabic, but would have been, like the Canaanites, descended from Ham
[3] See original paper – J. N. Darby. – Notes and Comments Vol. 2. pages 192 and 195.
The concept of local bishops developed in the second century of the church. This led eventually to popery and the subsequent corruption of Christendom. There is no basis for episcopy in scripture, and no evidence of it in apostolic times.
In his paper, ‘Episcopacy: What ground is there in Scripture or History for accounting it an Institution of God?’ (Collected Writings vol. 20 – Eccesiastical 4 – page 307), J N Darby looks back over Christian history, and sees how the early fathers accepted it as an institution. It seemed prudent at the time, maintaining orthodoxy, but it was a human institution whilst claiming to be an institution of God. By the end of the second century, the position of a single person as president of a local assembly was well established, and the church had become organised. How this originate, and who originated it?
The concept of local bishops developed in the second century of the church. This led eventually to popery and the subsequent corruption of Christendom. There is no basis for episcopy in scripture, and no evidence of it in apostolic times.
In his paper, ‘Episcopacy: What ground is there in Scripture or History for accounting it an Institution of God?’ (Collected Writings vol. 20 – Eccesiastical 4 – page 307), J N Darby looks back over Christian history, and sees how the early fathers accepted it as an institution. It seemed prudent at the time, maintaining orthodoxy, but it was a human institution whilst claiming to be an institution of God. By the end of the second century, the position of a single person as president of a local assembly was well established, and the church had become organised. How this originate, and who originated it?
Paul established Elders or Overseers
Respect for a position of authority is right, and natural. But if a bishop becomes an object of veneration, God’s authority is set aside. Superstition and error replaces the truth that sanctifies. The prestige associated with the position detracts from the glory of the Lord Himself.
In scripture bishops, overseers and elders (Greek ἐπίσκοπος/episkopos[*]) are the same thing, depending on the translation (Acts 20:17; 1 Tim. 3:2; Titus 1:7). Anther word used for an elder in Greek is (πρεσβύτερος/presbuteros*), such as those elders appointed in Acts 14.
There is no evidence that there was a single prelate in churches in Paul’s times. If there was one anywhere Paul neglected them and charged several to exercise eldership in the church. Tradition says that Timothy was Bishop of Ephesus, and Titus Bishop of Crete, but this has no basis in scripture. They were companions of Paul, who sent them to fulfil special services. Peter, despite being claimed by Roan Catholics to have been Bishop of Rome, had the same view. He spoke about ‘the elders which are among you’ (1 Peter 5:1). The nearest thing we have is James (brother of the Lord?) in Jerusalem. Whilst he was right in Acts 15, he clearly had a great influence amongst the Jewish Christians, but not always a happy one. Even then there is no hint of primacy in the Epistle of James.
Clement of Rome and Polycarp followed Paul
Likewise, Clement of Rome (d. AD99) knew of no single person leading a church. He wrote, ‘So preaching everywhere in country and town, they appointed their firstfruits, when they had proved them by the Spirit, to be bishops and deacons unto them that should believe. And this they did in no new fashion; for indeed it had been written concerning bishops and deacons from very ancient times; for thus saith the scripture in a certain place, I will appoint their bishops in righteousness and their deacons in faith’ (1 Clement 42:4-5)[†].
Polycarp of Smyrna (69-155) also did not recognise bishops in the current use of the word. He referred to one going astray as a presbyter (Polycarp 11:1). Ignatius of Antioch addressed Polycarp as bishop (Ignatius 1:1), and in his writings used the term as distinct from the elders. Hence we deduce that recognised local bishops, but not regional or diocesan bishops, as those to whom believers should be subject.
Historians and those who supported Bishops
Other late first and early second century writers, such as Barnabas (probably not the Barnabas of scripture) and Hermas, do not refer to bishops. It was not till the end of the second century their existence as presidents of churches became regarded generally. Early historians such as Tertullian, Hegessippus and Iranaeus alleged that prelates had existed since apostolic times, making lists of them. They had no authority for this.
Iranaeus was fighting the gnostics, who taught that Christ was neither God nor Creator. However he drew on tradition rather than scripture with many historical inaccuracies such as saying that Peter and Paul founded the church in Rome, whereas we know, it was well established before any apostle went there. He wrote that Paul called over the bishops of the cities around Miletus as well as the elders, and also gave a list of Bishops of Rome up to AD189[‡]. Other historians gave inconstant variants of this list, casting much doubt on their reliability. Doubtless all of those named from Linus onwards were in Rome at various times, but they did not act as bishops. Sometimes one would preside over a gathering, sometimes another.
Darby went on to illustrate the confusion by citing many other contradictory writings. For example, Clement of Alexandria alleged that John, after his release from Patmos, appointed clergy (κλήρων/kleron – or holders of a lot) in the various churches of Asia. One went as far as saying that Christ had ordained his brother, James, to be bishop of Jerusalem, having committed His throne on earth to him!
Conclusion
Our conclusion must be that scripture refutes episcopy. If a republic appointed a monarch, it would cease to be a republic. So the appointment of a single prelate in an assembly changes the nature of the assembly. This happened in the latter part of the second century and it was not of God.
Summary, some footnotes and references to translated texts of Clement and Polycarp by Sosthenes.
June 2016
[*] Strong defines ἐπίσκοπος/episkopos/Strong 1985 as ‘(used as an official title in civil life), overseer, supervisor, ruler, especially used with reference to the supervising function exercised by an elder or presbyter of a church or congregation. Properly an overseer is a man called by God to literally ‘keep an eye on’ His flock (the Church, the body of Christ), i.e. to provide personalised (first hand) care and protection. It is a masculine noun, derived from ἐπί/epi/Strong 1909 ‘on; which intensifies σκοπός/skopos/Strong 4649‘watcher’. Pρεσβύτερος/presbuteros/Strong 4245) is defined as a mature man having seasoned judgment or experience. Whichever word is used it is clear that there are several elders in any assembly.
[†] Despite what the Catholics say, Clement did not claim to be Bishop of Rome. Of course writings by Clement and other early fathers have no scriptural authority, and indeed may not be in accord with scripture.
[‡] Paul and Peter (to AD68), Linus (68-80), Anencletus (80-92), Clemens (92-101), Evarestus, Alexander, Sixtus, Telesphorus, Hyginus, Pius, Anicetus, Soter, Eleutherus. Eusebius also gave some dates. Other historians give variants of this list.
‘How can a man be just with God?’ (Job 9:2). This is the great question in Romans. In the first eight chapters of Romans we learn the answer. Sinners want justification.
There are two aspects of justification, so there are two parts to Romans 1 to 8.
Justification ‘from sins’ – clearing me of my old state,’ (Rom 1:1-5:11)
Justification ‘of life’ – putting me into a new place before God. (Rom 5:12-8:39)
‘How can a man be just with God?’ (Job 9:2). This is the great question in Romans. In the first eight chapters of Romans we learn the answer. Sinners want justification.
There are two aspects of justification, so there are two parts to Romans 1 to 8.
Justification ‘from sins’ – clearing me of my old state,’ (Rom 1:1-5:11)
Justification ‘of life’ – putting me into a new place before God. (Rom 5:12-8:39)
The first thing we see in this epistle is that it concerns God’s Son Jesus Christ’ (See v. 3). It is not primarily about ourselves. Romans is about the claims of Christ, the ‘author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey Him’ (Heb 5:9). People have lost sight of that.
In chapter 1 we see why justification is needed: ‘The wrath of God revealed against all ungodliness’ (v. 18). That is wrath against the sinner, because ‘all have sinned, and come short’ (Ch. 3:23). It does not say ‘of what we ought to be’, or ‘of the law’, but ‘of the glory of God.’ The glory of God involves the light. In Christianity we must walk in the light, or we can have nothing to do with God. It is as simple as that. God is in the light; He has not hidden Himself behind a veil. We are to walk in the light, as He is in the light, and even become ‘partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light’ (Col 1:12). Justification makes us fit for that. Christ’s work in grace fits us for glory.
Two things are found in the first four verses: promises and revelation.
People rest on promises. But the promises are fulfilled by Him. ‘For all the promises of God in him are Yea, and in him Amen, unto the glory of God by us’ (2 Cor 1:20).
God’s righteousness is revealed because there was none in man. ‘Therein [i.e. in the glad tidings] is the righteousness of God revealed’ ( 17). Faith receives God’s righteousness, whereas the law claimed righteousness from man. The gospel is the righteousness of God.
In chapter 1 the righteousness of God is revealed; in chapter 2, we have the proof of this; in chapter 3, having been brought under sin, we are given righteousness. ‘But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets’ (v. 21). The Lord our righteousness was witnessed in the prophets who were under law. However, He is now manifested without (or apart from) law. Righteousness is ‘through faith in His blood’ (v. 25). God sits as a Judge, and man is brought before Him and found guilty. The penalty is death. But the death of a sinful man could not glorify God. Only the death of Christ alone glorifies Him, and through it He puts away the sins of the old man. Now we see how God makes a new man.
Under the old system the law required man to establish his own righteousness. ‘The law entered that the offence might abound’ (ch. 5:20). It is not that sin might abound, but the offence. The law not only made sin more manifest, but also aggravated its character. The authority of God was despised, not because of the offence, but because of the people’s disobedience. In ch. 2:12, what is translated sinned ‘without law,’ is the same word (ἀνομία – anomia) as in 1 John 3:4, ‘transgression of the law’ – (KJV) or ‘lawlessness’ – (Darby and others).’ The Day of Atonement was necessary:-
The scape-goat – ‘Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many’ (Heb 9:28) – Part 1 above (sins)
The sin-offering – ‘He appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself’ (Heb 9:26) – Part 2 (sin).
The blood of the sin-offering was sprinkled on and before the mercy-seat. This is now the ground of God’s invitation to the sinner. In Leviticus 16, the sins of Israel were confessed over the head of the scape-goat. For us, Christ has died, and the blood is on the mercy-seat. Now I will be received if I come to Jesus. Not only has the Lord Jesus put away my sin, but He has borne all my sins, and confessed them as if they were His own: they are all gone. My sins are forgiven: past, present and future.
In chapter 4 we have, ‘Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin’ (v. 4). A man is faultless before God if Christ has made atonement for him. The first part of Romans, referred to above, has to do with sins and the remedy – Christ dying for our sins. (In Part 2 below, it is sin and the remedy, my dying with Christ). This whole work was settled on the cross, resurrection making it complete. In this chapter it is justification by faith. ‘If we believe in him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead’ (v. 24). We are justified, and Christ’s work is ratified.
Unless we see Christ in resurrection, we do not have the assurance of being justified. ‘If Christ is not risen, ye are yet in your sins… if in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable’ (1 Cor 15:17,19).
Chapter 5 begins, ‘Having been justified, we have peace’ (v. 1). We get past, present, and future:
Justified, as to the past
Having peace with God, and standing in the favour of God, as to the present
Rejoicing in hope of the glory of God, as to the future.
What more can I want? I may have all sorts of trouble, but what a mercy it is that God sees me as righteous! In God’s eyes I am a righteous man. Now I can boast in tribulation, knowing that this leads to patience, experience and hope (see v. 3). I am not ashamed ‘because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us’ (v. 5). I can rejoice, too, in God Himself (before whom, in ch. 3:19, I was guilty, and my mouth stopped). Not only do I know myself, but I know God as well – God in His own absolute goodness. Knowing that everything is settled, and that I am reconciled, I have peace. Peace is deeper than joy: I may have joy, but not yet know myself reconciled. The prodigal had some joy when he left the far country, but he did not have peace till he met the Father, and learned what is the Father’s heart was toward him.
Foreknown, predestinated, called, justified, glorified! No creature power can break that chain of five golden links, for it is purely of God.
From chapter 5:12, we come to man’s condition. Adam ruined us all. We are now dealing with the state of the race, not of the individual. I have a nature away from God, and without the knowledge of the grace of God, I would be driven to despair. But grace has put away my sin.
Even if I know that my sins are forgiven, I can be extremely troubled because of the sin that is in me. The remedy is not in the fact that Christ has died for my sins, but that I have died with Christ to sin. I am a sinner because of Adam’s disobedience. However by the obedience of One (Jesus) I am made righteous, with no condemnation: ‘There is no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus’ (ch. 8:1). If that is the case, can I live as I like? ‘No’, the apostle says, ‘You have died.’ How can I live in sin if I am dead? I am justified; I have life.
Sin is never forgiven. but condemned. ‘God, sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and by a sacrifice for sin, condemned sin, in the flesh’ (ch. 8:3). Sin is got rid of by death. If a man dies, that is the end. Adam received a commandment, and lived so long as he obeyed it. But from Adam to Moses there was no commandment or law, and death reigned over those who had transgressed. We find no forgiveness there.
In Romans 6, I am dead and justified from sin. I reckon myself dead. I have had enough of ‘I.’ Now Christ is ‘I’. ‘I am crucified with Christ; nevertheless I live, yet not I, but Christ liveth in me’ (Gal 2:20). In Romans I am cleared from what I was as a child of Adam, and get the privileges of a child of God. I am perfectly free: what am I going to do with myself? I was once a slave to sin: now I am to yield myself to God.
In chapter 7 we have the same principle applied to law. We have died to the law by the body of the risen Christ, so now we are connected with Him in resurrection. We cannot have both the law and Christ. ‘We are delivered from the law, that being dead by which we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not in the oldness of the letter’ (v. 6 (Darby). The law isn’t dead; I am dead. The law is the jailer; I am the prisoner. The mistake people are making is that they are killing the jailer instead of the thief. The jailer is not dead, the thief is.
In chapters 2 and 3 we saw what a man does. In chapter 7 we see is what he is. Many Christians do not know what verse 7 means – ‘When I was in the flesh’. It is my previous state. This chapter is experimental, not just a doctrine. We must learn the truth not merely as a theory, but experimentally. I can say that my sins are forgiven – that is doctrine, not experience, but if I tell you something about myself, that is experience. It is not just that I have done bad things, but I have found by experience that ‘in me, that is in my flesh, dwelleth no good thing’ (v. 18).
That in himself, that is, in his flesh, dwells no good thing ( 18).
That the flesh is not himself (he is not in the flesh) – he hates it ( 15).
That the flesh is too strong for him, and he cries out for deliverance. ‘O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me from the body of this death?’ ( 24).
As to the flesh, there is no question of forgiveness. I do not forgive an offending power; I want deliverance from it. The more spiritual I am, the more I shall see the infinite value of the cross. I keep the cross before myself in faith, and hold it the to the flesh (because I am not in the flesh, otherwise I could not do it). That is what ‘Always bearing about in the body the dying of the Lord Jesus, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our body’ means. (2 Cor 4:10)
I have to learn what sin is. Christ, who has met the consequences of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, becomes the tree of life to me. Now, in Romans 5:1-11, I learn what God is in love to the sinner.
Now in Chapter 8 I learn my condition as a believer with God. The new man in Christ Jesus is in a higher place: God is for me, and I can say, ‘Abba, Father’.
Glory is certain through the promise of God. ‘Whom he did predestinate, them he also called: and whom he called, them he also justified: and whom he justified, them he also glorified’ (v. 30). The whole chain is there, from beginning to end, and depends on His faithfulness in keeping us.
‘After These Things’ Chapter 5.4 – After the Rapture, the Jewish Remnant – Particularly from the New Testament
From our book ‘After These Things – Summaries of John Nelson Darby’s Papers on Prophecy – and more…’ Compiled by Daniel Roberts. For more about this book click on the picture or CLICK HERE
Click on icon to download PDF
How does the New Testament distinguish between the earthly hopes and promises to Israel, and the heavenly hopes of the church? It is absolutely impossible to set aside the promises to Israel – the church does not replace them [as modern ‘replacement theology’ and would suggest*]. God had made promises to His people which cannot be undone – ‘The gifts and calling of God are without repentance’ (Rom 11:29). In speaking of Israel, ‘Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made to the fathers’ (Rom 15:8). His rejection and death did not set the promises aside. Israel is now in unbelief, but after the rapture of the church, there will be a pious godly remnant owning Christ and owned by Him.
A summary of a part of a paper by J.N. Darby entitled: The Rapture of the Saints and the Character of the Jewish Remnant: Published in Darby’s Collected Writings – Volume 11 (Prophetic 4) Pages 134-142
In reading the New Testament, we need to distinguish between the earthly hopes and promises to Israel, and the heavenly hopes of the Church. It is impossible to set aside the promises to Israel, because the church does not replace them[1]. God’s promises to His people cannot be undone – ‘The gifts and calling of God are without repentance’ (Romans 11:29). In speaking of Israel, ‘Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made to the fathers’ (Romans 15:8). His rejection and death did not set the promises aside. Israel is now in unbelief, but after the Rapture of the church, there will be a pious, godly remnant owning Christ and owned by Him.
The Birth of Christ
Luke commences with announcements and births of John the Baptist and then Jesus. The angel told Zacharias that many of Israel should turn to the Lord their God, a people prepared for Him (see Luke 1:16-17). There is a people prepared for the Lord before He comes (not sovereign grace meeting sinners in their need, as it is with us). Mary was told that Yeshua/Jesus (Jehovah the Saviour) should be called the Son of the Highest and that He would be given the throne of His Father (see Luke 1:32). The song of Zacharias (Luke 1:67-79) is wholly composed of the divinely-given celebration of God’s visit to His people to redeem them and to raise a horn of salvation for them in the house of His servant David (see v.69). The Jewish shepherds received the announcement of His birth.
However, these persons were not typical of those of Israel – they were the believing, pious ‘remnant’. Later, Anna and others were looking for redemption in Jerusalem: they evidently knew one another. Simeon saw in ‘light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel’. (Luke 2:32). It is therefore absolutely clear that this remnant is a people prepared for Jehovah, awaiting earthly deliverance.
The Gentiles come later in Luke.
Christ’s Rejection by Israel
Matthew’s gospel reveals how Christ was presented to the Jews and rejected by them. Following His rejection, God’s plans for the Remnant were interrupted so as to accomplish something brighter and more blessed (viz. the church, the time of the Spirit, grace and the Christian dispensation). But to suppose that God had invalidated His thoughts as to Israel, would be to subvert divine testimonies and undermine God’s faithfulness.
The old was still in the mind of God to be fulfilled at the appropriate time. Like the prophets, Matthew passed over the intervening church period. He introduced Christ as the accomplishment of prophecy and promise, giving His genealogy and showing how prophecy was being fulfilled – see Matthew 1:22, 2:5 and 2:15. ‘The spirit of prophecy is the testimony of Jesus’ (Revelation 19:10). The church does not have any part in this, already being with Christ.
In the sermon on the mount (Matthew 5-7) the ‘ye’ refers to the Remnant, not the self-righteous Jews – nor does it directly refer to Christians (though we can learn from the moral teaching). They were to expect persecution and a consequent reward in heaven. Those who were obedient to His teaching were like the man building his house on the rock see (Matthew 7:24). On the other hand, unbelieving Israel would be cast into prison till the uttermost farthing was paid (Matthew 5:26).
Christ’s Teaching
In Matthew 10, Christ sends out the twelve. They were not to go to the Gentiles or the Samaritans, but the lost sheep of the house of Israel. They were to declare the kingdom of heaven to be at hand, and to enquire who was worthy, that is to seek the righteous remnant (not poor sinners). Although they were to speak peace everywhere, the peace would rest only on the sons of peace. They were to shake the dust off of their feet before those hostile Jews who did not receive them. Verse 18 (‘Ye shall be brought before governors and kings for my sake’ etc.) goes beyond the Lord’s lifetime and the church period. The faithful would be brought before the Gentile enemies, and be hated of all men for Christ’s name’s sake. This ministry was to Israel and would not be completed till the Son of man came.
In Matthew 23, the disciples and the people are on Jewish ground. They were to be subject to the teachers who had set themselves in Moses seat, even if those teachers had rejected the ‘prophets, and wise men, and scribes’ (v. 34). Their ancestors had stoned the prophets and killed those who had been sent, but still, Jerusalem would never listen. Often Jesus (Jehovah) would have gathered Jerusalem’s children together: now the desolate city would not see her Lord until she repented, saying, ‘Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the Lord’ (v. 39).
In Matthew 24, His disciples ask about the judgment and the end of the age (not the ‘world’). This again is in line with Jewish thought. While Herod’s temple would be destroyed in AD70, the Lord was speaking of what would happen at the end. False Christs would come, saying, ‘I am the Christ’, and even deceive the elect. There would be many troubles, culminating in the abomination of desolation of which Daniel spoke, and those who were in Judea would flee to the mountains. But before He comes, the gospel of the kingdom would be sent to all the Gentiles[2]. Finally, the Messiah would return and associate Himself with the godly remnant in Judea and Jerusalem. What language could be more understandable?
The whole scene is Jewish: it could not be Christian. Indeed, it has no direct application whatever to true Christians, because when the Lord comes, they would already have been caught up to meet the Lord in the air. The Lord will come publicly: He will be Judge, whereas when He comes to Rapture His saints, it will be secretly in perfect grace (See Chapter 1.4 – The Rapture and the Appearing). A Christian who has been beguiled by thoughts of going through the tribulation must have renounced Christian hopes or have never understood them.
Peter’s Ministry
On the cross, the Lord interceded saying, ‘Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do’ (Luke 23:34). After the coming of the Holy Spirit, Peter says, ‘And now, brethren, I know that ye did it in ignorance, as also your rulers… Repent therefore and be converted, for the blotting out of your sins, so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord. He may send Jesus Christ, who was foreordained for you, whom heaven indeed must receive till the times of the restoring of all things, of which God has spoken by the mouth of his holy prophets since time began’ (Acts 3:17-19 Darby). Repentance was called for, but few repented.
As far as we can see, Peter did not teach the doctrine of the church. Christians remained strictly attached to Judaism, zealous of the law; priests were obedient to the faith, and some even continued to be priests. Also, Peter never taught Jesus to be the Son of God, yet it had been revealed to him, and he had confessed ‘Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God’ in Matthew 16:16. Peter’s message was, ‘Let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God hath made that same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ’ (Acts 2:36).
Following that, Christ could then speak of the Church, for it was to be founded on Peter’s confession. But it was still a future thing – ‘on this rock I will build my church’ (Matthew 16:18). In Christ’s death, He gathered together into one the children of God; in His resurrection, He was declared Son of God with power. Christ’s death and resurrection laid the excellent foundation for all our blessings.
When the Holy Spirit, the Comforter, came the Church (or the assembly), was formed, and the Lord added daily such as should be saved (see Acts 2:47). Those who previously composed the remnant became its nucleus. It was a newly instituted body, formed by the Holy Spirit sent down from heaven, and united to the Head, Christ in heaven.
However, God’s promises to Israel were not abrogated.
Paul’s Ministry
Paul is the apostle who gives us the Assembly (or Church). Paul is also the only apostle who speaks of the Rapture of the saints taking place before the Appearing of Christ. This ministry changed everything: we now have a heavenly gathering on earth. Paul’s free ministry, distinct from that of the twelve, had already been started by Stephen. He had testified to a heavenly Christ, a Man in glory, and was put to death. Saul of Tarsus, the chief persecutor of Christians would have heard that testimony.
Later, Saul, when drawing near to Damascus, was arrested by the same Man whom Stephen saw, and from the same place too. From the glory He said, ‘‘Why persecutest thou me?’ … I am Jesus whom thou persecutest’ (Acts 9:4-5). The Lord told him that He, Himself, was being persecuted, although the objects of that persecution were the Christians. From this we infer that the Lord’s body was here, identified with its glorified Head in heaven. It became the starting point for Paul’s ministry as to the Church. Jew and Gentile were all one as He taught, ‘God hath put all things under his feet, and gave him to be head over all things to the church, which is his body, the fulness of him who filleth all in all’ (Ephesians 1:22-23).
Now God introduces the sovereign fullness of His grace, a doctrine entirely unknown in the Old Testament. Paul speaks of the mystery, Jews and Gentiles forming one body, and says, ‘The preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began, but now is made manifest and by prophetic scriptures, according to the commandment of the everlasting God, made known to all nations for the obedience of faith’ (Romans 16:25-26 Darby). Both Jews and Gentiles are consequently reconciled to God through faith and made one by the Holy Spirit. This was the body of Christ, the dwelling-place of the Holy Spirit.
The Greek word for ‘church’ or ‘assembly’, ἐκκλησίᾳ/ekklēsia/Strong-1577, means ‘a calling out’. We see it in ‘The Lord added daily to the assembly’ (Acts 2:27 Darby). ‘He set some in the assembly; firstly, apostles; secondly, prophets’ (1 Corinthians 12:18 Darby). The Church is called out to participate in the sufferings of Christ, later to be presented to Himself as His bride, without spot or wrinkle (See Ephesians 5:27). The same word is also applied to the particular churches or assemblies of Christians in different places because they formed the assembly of God in that place. No other meaning is possible.
The Hope of the Church
The Church is heavenly in its calling and belongs to Christ in heaven. It forms no part of the course of events of the earth. This makes its Rapture so simple and clear as we see from Colossians 3:4, ‘When Christ who is our life shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory.’ The church’s hope and glory is Christ Himself. He is our life; our life is hidden with Him; He is our righteousness; the glory that has been given to Him (sonship), He has given us; we are members of His body; we are of His flesh and of His bones. We suffer with Him now but will reign with Him in a coming day, conformed to His image.
The Rapture
The Church is not connected in any way on earth with Christ’s appearing or second coming. She is already spoken of as sitting with Him in heavenly places (see Ephesians 1:20), so she belongs elsewhere – she only awaits being brought there bodily. Her immediate outlook is her being taken physically to where He is. ‘From heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God, and the dead in Christ shall rise first; then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air; and so shall we ever be with the Lord’ (1 Thessalonians 4:6).
This being the case, a person who maintains that he does not go to be with Christ until His Appearing, is denying the proper hope and relationship of the church. Ignorance is one thing, but denial is another. Grasping the fact of our being with Him at the Rapture, not the appearing, changes all our spiritual thoughts and affections. Our hope is not even to be in glory with Him, wonderful as that is, but it is being with Him. ‘I will come again and receive you unto myself, that where I am there ye may be also’ (John 14:3), ‘So shall we ever be with the Lord’ (1 Thessalonians 4:17).
There are several ways in which scripture presents the return of Christ:
The general fact: Christ will come again, and we will be with Him. The saints of our dispensation ‘have been made to our God kings and priests; and they shall reign over the earth’ (Revelation 5:10 Darby).
The world, evil and in confusion, will ripen into rebellion. The believer knows and believes that at Christ’s Appearing and His kingdom, God will judge the living and the dead. It will be an earthly kingdom and an earthly judgment.
The saints of our dispensation will have, through grace, a unique association with Christ. They will have met Him in the air. They will also have been before the judgment-seat of Christ, giving an account of themselves to God, but this part of their privilege, not punitive, for they will already be like Jesus. He will introduce them into His Father’s house, placing them in the heavenly seat of government with Himself. This is the Rapture of the saints, and it precedes the Appearing.
Before the Appearing, the world will have become entirely apostate, and the man of sin will have been revealed. The Church will already have been taken, not being of the world, but risen with Christ. On the other hand, the Rapture does not depend on any earthly event. The Christian’s hope is, therefore, not a prophetic subject at all. No one knows when the Rapture will take place.
The saints leave the world and worldly religion by going out to meet the Bridegroom. The cry ‘Behold the Bridegroom cometh!’ (Matthew 25:6). went out at midnight, but it could have been at any time. We know that the Bridegroom did tarry, and the sense of His coming was lost. It is the loss of the expectation of immediacy of the Lord’s coming that lays behind the public church’s departure from simplicity, and its fall into clerical authority and worldliness. It lost its spiritual authority. In Matthew 24, what leads the wicked servant into mischief is not the denial of the Lord’s coming, but the loss of the sense and present expectation of it. The Christian is constantly waiting for the Lord to come.
When therefore is the Christian to expect the Lord? – Always.
Thessalonians
An example of those who were awaiting the Lord’s return were the newly converted Thessalonians. They might not have had time to accumulate much teaching, but their expectation was a divine witness to the world. They were not waiting for any earthly events – just waiting. They saw themselves to amongst those who would be alive and remain at the coming of the Lord (see 1 Thessalonians 4:15). We need to be like that.
We know that the Thessalonians were distressed about those who had perished for Jesus’ sake, that they would not be here to enjoy His coming. They were also troubled by false teachers alleging that that day of the Lord was already present. Paul corrected this error by showing that the dead would be raised, and then the living ones would go up to meet Christ with them. He explained that it was an absolute moral absurdity for the Lord’s people to go through the judgment since they would already be in heaven along with the Judge. This confirmed their expectation, enlivening their faith and brightening their hope despite the persecution. The terrible persecution that they were enduring, was but a pledge from a righteous God that they would have rest and glory, not trouble when the kingdom came. The Thessalonians’ minds were, therefore, re-established, clear and peaceful.
The Tribulation
In Revelation 12:10-12, it is said, ‘And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation and strength and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night. And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death. Therefore rejoice, ye heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea!’ This is not the Rapture, because that will have taken place earlier. These happenings are in the subsequent seven years. 3½ years before the close (that is middle of the half-week of Daniel), Satan, the accuser, will be cast out of heaven. What follows is the great wrath of Satan for those living upon the earth. For one class, persecution and death had now ceased; for another, it was just going to begin.
As regards our passing through the tribulation (a question which often arises on this matter) the scripture makes it very simple. How do we know that there will be a tribulation? Scripture tells us. But equally, it makes it clear that the Jews will live in it, and the church will not be in it:
‘I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth’ (Revelation 3:10). That was to a Christian assembly, Philadelphia.
‘These [are they who come out of the great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and have made them white in the blood of the Lamb’ (Revelation 7:14). This is clearly after the Rapture.
‘It is even the time of Jacob’s trouble; but he shall be saved out of it’ (Jeremiah 3:7). ‘He’ would refer to a faithful one of Israel.
‘There shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book’ (Daniel 12:1). This refers to Israel.
The time of temptation referred to above, shall come to try them who dwell on the earth. This is more general; it is not the great tribulation of Jeremiah, Daniel, and Matthew, which is exclusively Jewish.
Israel and the Appearing
In the epistle to the Romans, specifically chapter 11, we have the general doctrine as to the Remnant of Israel. An elect believing remnant will be grafted into their own olive tree and become one nation – ‘all Israel.’ That could not be the Christian assembly, even with Jewish believers – they had never been broken out of the Jewish olive tree.
In that coming day, Israel will be blessed on earth. ‘He shall come to be glorified in his saints and to be admired in all them that believe’ (2 Thessalonians 1:10). The Remnant of Israel will be blessed despite the tribulation. They will form a separate class from unbelieving Israel and the church. They come in after the sealing of the 144,000 – the elect of the twelve tribes of Israel (see Revelation 7:4), experiencing God’s protection, nourishment, refreshment and comfort. Their position is different from ours.
Conclusion
We should not confuse things. The scripture is as plain as can be. Anybody who confounds the day of Christ with His coming to receive the church does not understand the day we in, nor His coming, nor the church. Confounding the day of the Lord and His coming to receive the church, is a subversion of the whole nature of the relationship between both Christ and the Church, and Christ and the world. It is far more than a mistake in terms. The denial of the Rapture brings the church down to an earthly position, destroying its whole character
[1] As modern ‘replacement theology’ or supercessionism would suggest (See Chapter 4.8 above).
The Psalms connect Christ with and Israel, and with the remnant in particular. It would be impossible to enter into the detail of all 150 Psalms here, but what we cannot fail to see is that there is, in the latter day, a godly pious Jewish remnant – tried, oppressed and all but overwhelmed. Jehovah owns and encourages His people and rewards them with Jewish blessings according to promise, Christ having entered into their sorrows and borne their sins. Christ, as Jehovah, comes to judge. The Son of man and King in Zion enters into the temple with all things under His feet, subjecting all the nations to Himself.
‘After These Things’ Chapter 5.3 – After the Rapture, the Jewish Remnant – Particularly from the Psalms
From our book ‘After These Things – Summaries of John Nelson Darby’s Papers on Prophecy – and more…’ Compiled by Daniel Roberts. For more about this book click on the picture or CLICK HERE
Click on icon to download PDF
In the Psalms we have Jehovah’s sympathetic thoughts and feelings for the Jewish remnant. God and God’s purpose regarding Christ, His anointed, ar revealed. We see this clearly in the first two psalms.
The Psalms connect Christ with and Israel, and with the remnant in particular. It would be impossible to enter into the detail of all 150 Psalms here, but what we cannot fail to see is that there is, in the latter day, a godly pious Jewish remnant – tried, oppressed and all but overwhelmed. Jehovah owns and encourages His people and rewards them with Jewish blessings according to promise, Christ having entered into their sorrows and borne their sins. Christ, as Jehovah, comes to judge. The Son of man and King in Zion enters into the temple with all things under His feet, subjecting all the nations to Himself.
There is much more method than is supposed in the five books of Psalms. Christ enters in spirit into the remnant’s position. Sometimes the Holy Spirit arouses godly feelings; at other times He enters personally and sympathetically in grace into their trials.
A summary of a part of a paper by J.N. Darby entitled: The Rapture of the Saints and the Character of the Jewish Remnant: Published in Darby’s Collected Writings – Volume 11 (Prophetic 4) Pages 134-142
In the Psalms, we have Yahweh/Jehovah’s loving thoughts and feelings for the Jewish remnant. The Psalms connect Christ with Israel.
We cannot enter into the detail of all 150 Psalms here, but we must observe that there is, in the latter-day, a godly pious Jewish remnant – tried, oppressed and all but overwhelmed. Jehovah owns and encourages His people and rewards them with Jewish blessings according to promise, Christ having entered into their sorrows and borne their sins. Christ, as Jehovah, comes to judge. The Son of man and King in Zion enters into the temple with all things under His feet, subjecting all the nations to Himself.
There is much more method than is supposed in the five books of Psalms. Christ enters in spirit into the Remnant’s position: sometimes the Holy Spirit arouses godly feelings; at other times, He enters personally and sympathetically in grace into their trials.
First Book (Psalm 1-41)
Psalm 1 distinguishes the righteous person from the rest of the nation, thus marking out the remnant morally. ‘The ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous’ (v. 5). Not only this, the godly righteous Jew, who delights in the law, is promised earthly blessings.
In Psalm 2, the heathen and Jewish rulers rise in rebellion against Jehovah and His Anointed. The Son of God sits upon the throne of Zion and calls upon the kings and judges of the earth to submit to Him.
In Psalms 3-7 the godly man is under constant attack. His faith is tested: the enemy taunts him, beckoning him to desert. The wicked cause him distress, so he appeals to God, the righteous Judge. Christ, the true Godly One enters in spirit into the sorrows of the righteous remnant. Their deliverance wrought by judgment or vengeance, because their blessings and the character of their righteousness are Jewish (which is not the case of the raised or heaven-born saints of the assembly). God hears their cry, and they are exhorted to persevere and depend. The earth is their portion.
Then, in Psalm 8, the Remnant owns Jehovah their Lord whose name is excellent in all the earth. Meanwhile the Son of man, (rejected when He came as Messiah), is given universal dominion. The result is blessing for Israel when the Son of man takes His place in glory.
In Psalms 9 and 10, we have the trial and judgment of the last days: the poor and oppressed are not forgotten. The heathen perishes out of the land (Psalm 10:16).
Psalms 11-15 develop the thoughts, feelings, and apprehensions of the remnant further. Those who walk uprightly, work righteousness, speak truth without backbiting or doing evil to his neighbour will dwell in God’s holy hill (see Psalm 15:1-3).
Psalm 16: Christ’s takes His place with the godly Remnant, as He did historically when He was baptised with John’s baptism. God’s delight was in Christ, who surely needed no repentance. But He says ‘unto the LORD, Thou art my Lord: my goodness extendeth not to thee; but to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent, in whom is all my delight’ (Psalm 16:2-3). That corresponds to the New Testament: ‘Both he that sanctifieth and they who are sanctified are all of one’ (Hebrews 2:11). In the Psalm, Christ says that he takes the place of a servant to Jehovah (not His divine place). He follows the path of life, does not see corruption, and finds His eternal joy as Man in God’s presence at the right hand of Jehovah.
Psalm 17 is His appeal to His righteousness. David is a type of Christ. Christ will behold God’s face in righteousness and be satisfied, awaking up in His likeness, the true eternal image of the invisible God –‘As for me, I will behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness[1]’ (v. 15).
In Psalm 18, we see what God has done and will do for the people – from their deliverance from Egypt to the final subjugation of the land under David.
In Psalm 19, we have the testimony of creation and the law.
Psalm 20: We have God’s sympathetic help for the Remnant.
In Psalm 21 Christ’s sorrows and desires culminate in His glory. His days are for ever and ever.
In Psalm 22, it is not only the His sufferings at the hands of men, but also His being forsaken, bearing the wrath of God. The result is grace, which He exercises in making known His name to His brethren and associating Israel with Himself in praise and blessing.
Psalm 23 shows Jehovah’s faithful shepherd care through every difficulty. Christ, the portion of every believer, is our Shepherd. He knows His sheep, and they know Him. Restoration is not exclusively from sin, though He does restore us from that, but also sorrow and oppression of heart.
In Psalm 24, the Lord of Hosts walks with His sheep in grace. In the last day, He will take His place in glory in His hill and the house of Jehovah’s glory. Both the Remnant and the gentiles are brought in.
From this point to the end of Psalm 41, we have every kind of practical exercise which the Remnant will be subjected to in joy or sorrow. But these Psalms always speak of the godly, even when they confess their sins and seek forgiveness. Christ gives them confidence: ‘This poor man cried, and the Lord heard him’ (Psalm 34:6),
Psalm 25: The Remnant had sinned. Christ took their sins on Himself, and sinners are taught in the way.
Psalm 26 is their trial and appeal.
Psalm 27 is their separation from the ungodly.
Psalm 31 reassures the saints. They have confidence founded on Jehovah’s ways with the poor man.
Psalm 37: God fills, guides and encourages sincere hearts. Those blessed of Jehovah receive the promise of the inheritance of the earth.
In Psalm 40, we have the source of all the blessings in the counsels of God. Christ undertakes to accomplish God’s will.
Psalm 41 speaks of the poor man. Christ is the supreme example, even in the face of betrayal. What is done for the least of His brethren is done for Him. The Lord God of Israel will accomplish His purposes in blessing.
Second Book (Psalm 42-72)
The remaining four books give the position of the Remnant and the place that Christ has taken concerning the sorrows of the poor and needy. Jehovah delivers them. The seed of His servants inherit Zion, and they that love His name dwell there.
In Psalm 45, the Messiah appears. The Remnant’s full deliverance is celebrated at the end of Psalm 48.
Psalm 49 is the world’s instruction by the judgment. We see the precious price of redemption (see v. 8).
Psalm 50 gives the general judgment of Israel.
In Psalm 51 we have Israel’s confession of Christ’s death now that their Messiah has appeared.
From here on the people are cast out, and the power of Antichrist is established
Psalms 65, 66 and 67 sound out the praises of God’s deliverance, bursting forth in Zion. The nations are glad.
In Psalm 68, an ascended Christ is the real secret.
Psalm 69: Christ suffers and ascends in glory, securing the poor and needy in Zion.
Psalms 70 and 71, speaks of David’s faltering hope. They may also be applied to the Remnant.
Psalm 72 describes the full reign of peace.
Third Book (Psalm 73-89)
The third book goes out to all Israel, not merely the Jews, and gives God’s government and His dealings with them. This continues till the latter days: the glory and blessing of Zion, and the certainty of mercy by God’s faithful promises.
Fourth Book (Psalm 90-106)
The fourth book shows God’s faithfulness to both Israel and the nations. God’s First-begotten comes into the world. Christ suffers, and Zion is restored. He is the Eternal Creator in Psalm 102.
Fifth Book (Psalm 107-150)
In the closing book, the fifth, we have some of the consequences and effects of Israel’s recovery. There are explanatory Psalms of the scheme of God such as Psalm 110. The law is written on Israel’s heart in Psalm 119. The Songs of Degrees (Psalms 120 to 134) comment on God’s ways. The book ends with the praise of God, pursued in view of millennial blessedness. Such is the testimony of the Psalms.
[1] Contrast that with 1 John 3:2, ‘Now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is.’
Isaiah gives us we the Jewish remnant in the latter day. Christ’s personal service on the earth when He first came bore on and spoke of remnant. The blessing is earthly, Jewish, and millennial. Christ, the great Prophet on the earth, to whom Israel was to hearken, the minister of the circumcision, was rejected. The Gentiles are introduced to prove God’s patience with Israel.
‘After These Things’ Chapter 5.2 – After the Rapture, the Jewish Remnant – Particularly from Isaiah
From our book ‘After These Things – Summaries of John Nelson Darby’s Papers on Prophecy – and more…’ Compiled by Daniel Roberts. For more about this book click on the picture or CLICK HERE
A summary of a part of a paper by J.N. Darby entitled:The Rapture of the Saints and the Character of the Jewish Remnant: Published in Darby’s Collected Writings – Volume 11 (Prophetic 4) Pages 118-134.
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Isaiah gives us we the Jewish remnant in the latter day. Christ’s personal service on the earth when He first came bore on and spoke of remnant. The blessing is earthly, Jewish, and millennial. Christ, the great Prophet on the earth, to whom Israel was to hearken, the minister of the circumcision, was rejected. The Gentiles are introduced to prove God’s patience with Israel.
God will not destroy all Israel: those who forsake Him and are judged. Those who hated God’s servants, who trembled at Jehovah’s word, are cast them out.
Meanwhile His servants sing for joy of heart. They are righteous, so when Christ appears, He gives them the earthly blessing, they inherit the mountains, enjoying peace like a river (Isa 66:12).
Isaiah gives us the Jewish Remnant in the latter-day. In Isaiah, as mostly in the gospels, the blessing is earthly, Jewish, and millennial. Christ, the great Prophet on the earth, to whom Israel was to listen, the Minister of the circumcision, was rejected by Israel. ‘He came unto his own, and his own received him not’ (John 1:11). The Gentiles are introduced to prove God’s patience with Israel.
God will not destroy all Israel: those who forsake Him are judged. Those who hated God’s servants, who trembled at Jehovah’s word, are cast out. On the other hand, His righteous servants sing for joy of heart when Christ appears. He gives them the earthly blessing: they inherit the mountains, enjoying peace like a river (See Isaiah 66:12).
Numerous Old Testament scriptures refer prophetically to the Jewish Remnant. The Spirit of Christ enters into their thoughts, feelings, hopes and even fears. Prophetic scripture places this Remnant in time between the Rapture of the Church and before the Lord’s Appearing. Those of the Remnant will be waiting for that Appearing.
The Remnant is totally distinct from the Church. Prophecy does not relate to the Church. The Church has a unique character and relationship with Christ. It was formed into one body by the descent of the Holy Spirit from heaven.
Christ will have Raptured His church when the Spirit of God works sovereignly in righteous, godly Jews. These will recognise their Messiah, rest on His sacrifice for their salvation, and testify to the glory of Christ amid terrible persecution. But they will have a totally different relationship to Him compared with that of the Church.
Unfortunately, many Christians deny the existence of the Jewish Remnant. This is a serious error because it connects the Spirit of Christ and the piety flowing from it with the ungodly and unconverted proud, self-righteousness Jews. Those who deny the secret Rapture of the saints are doing just that.
Scriptural Support for the Remnant
Here are four points on which Scripture is clear:
The true Church of God is being formed at the present time.
The Church will be Raptured at the end of this time.
There will be a distinct suffering Jewish remnant after this.
Then Christ will appear, and the Millennium will commence.
The Jewish Remnant will come to light after the Rapture. Though faithful, it will have neither the church’s heavenly blessings nor the church’s hope. Here are some scriptures which support the truth as to the Remnant.
Firstly, as to the Jews:
‘And it shall come to pass, that in all the land, saith the Lord, two parts therein shall be cut off and die; but the third shall be left therein. And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried: they shall call on my name, and I will hear them: I will say, It is my people: and they shall say, The Lord is my God’ (Zechariah 13:8-9).
Then as regards the ten tribes of Israel:
‘And I will bring you into the wilderness of the people, and there will I plead with you face to face… I will accept you with your sweet savour, when I bring you out from the people, and gather you out of the countries wherein ye have been scattered; and I will be sanctified in you before the heathen. And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall bring you into the land of Israel, into the country for the which I lifted up mine hand to give it to your fathers’ (Ezekiel 20:35,41-42).
Then united:
‘Behold, I will take the stick of Joseph, which is in the hand of Ephraim, and the tribes of Israel his fellows, and will put them with him, even with the stick of Judah, and make them one stick, and they shall be one in mine hand’ (Ezekiel 37:19).
The Remnant:
‘And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of Israel, … shall return, even the remnant of Jacob, unto the mighty God’ (Isaiah 10:20-21).
Their gatherings:
‘Then they that feared the Lord spake often one to another: and the Lord hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the Lord and that thought upon his name. And they shall be mine, saith the Lord of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels[1]; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him’ (Malachi 3:16-17).
The last word in the Old Testament:
Remember ye the law of Moses my servant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments. Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord: and he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth [land] with a curse.’ (Malachi 4:4-6).
Do not confuse the Remnant and the Church
Christians love quoting ‘They that feared the Lord spake often one to another’ (see above); – especially if they participate in assembly Bible readings or house meetings. As we have seen elsewhere, these scriptures do not relate to Christianity: they refer to the Jewish Remnant with earthly blessings. Satan’s work is to deny a distinct Jewish Remnant, having Jewish faith, Jewish hopes, and resting on Jewish promises. It reduces the church to the level of these; and denies and loses the value and power of our spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ, and the union of Christ’s body with Him. Those Christians who hold this have been deceived by the enemy, though they may be unaware of it.
Many Old Testament scriptures show us how the Lord honoured, glorified and blessed the Jewish Remnant. They had been waiting on Him under challenging conditions. Some scriptures speak of the intervention of God to deliver or gather Israel; other passages refer explicitly to the despised remnant and its state before God intervened in power. This truth rests not just on a few casual texts, but on the consistent teaching throughout Scripture.
The chronology is important. The Spirit-led prophets referred to ‘the day,’ or ‘that day,’ with without any supposed interruption or interval (i.e. of the church period). The godly people looked forward to Christ, the great Prophet of Israel. The prophetic witness continued with the Lord’s words to a waiting remnant during His lifetime here. He warned His disciples as to the pending destruction of Jerusalem (AD 70), and the ensuing judgment of the nation. This judgment broke all connection of God’s testimony with the Jewish nation and left the exclusively heavenly Church (majority Gentile) the only acknowledged witness on earth until the Rapture.
The scriptures in Malachi 3 and 4 (see Chapter 5.1 above) can be applied to Christ’s first coming, preceded by John the Baptist (spoken of as Elijah). However, this passage has a Jewish character, and its proper application refers to the days following the Rapture. The godly Jewish Remnant, who feared Jehovah’s name, is contrasted with the wicked majority. Like the godly in Israel in the prophet’s time[2], they will speak often one to another. They triumph over their wicked oppressors, and God will spare them in that day.
The Remnant in Isaiah
Although we know that the Old Testament scriptures relate directly to Israel and God’s government of the world, they may be applied to the Church, and to God’s sovereign grace. This grace must be in Christ, for He is the centre of all God’s ways.
In the gospels, we see Christ’s relationship with Israel. We have God’s dealings in grace, but the refusal of God’s grace exposed the state of the nation. As a result, God separates the Remnant and judges the nation. After sending the prophets to seek fruit, the Lord of the vineyard said, ‘I have yet one Son: it may be they will reverence my Son when they see Him. But when the husbandmen saw him, …they cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him. What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them? He shall come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard to others.’ (Luke 20:13-16). We often apply the ‘others’ to the disciples and the Church, but strictly speaking, ‘others’ relate to the future Remnant.
Let us examine the testimony of Isaiah as to the remnant. The Spirit of Christ speaking through the prophet, says as to the state of Judah: ‘Why should ye be stricken any more? Except the Lord of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and made like unto Gomorra.’ (Isaiah 1:5, 9). According to the prophet, the nation must be restored and purified by judgment (see chapter 1:27). There will be just a remnant left -10% -‘yet in it shall be a tenth, and it shall return, and shall be eaten’
(chapter 6:13), full of glory and holiness and protected by Christ (see chapter 4:2-6), with Jerusalem on earth as its centre.
In Isaiah 7 and 8, we see Assyria overrunning Judah, (that happened in Isaiah’s time): there would be a confederacy of nations against it. Israel’s local enemies (Moab etc) will be set aside, but they are not to lean on human sources of strength. Israel will be encouraged not to be afraid of the Assyrian, for His indignation (anger) would soon cease, and the enemy will be destroyed. God gave a sign: ‘Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel’ (Isaiah 7:14), the Lord of hosts in the sanctuary, separating the Remnant. He is a stone of stumbling to the nation.
The Church Period is passed over.
Nothing need be said. The Church and the whole church period do not come into prophecy.
The Remnant has in Christ an exclusively Jewish National Hope.
The prophecy that follows from Isaiah 9 onwards takes up the general history of Israel in the prophet’s time, its chastisements and hardness of heart. This has its parallel with the Remnant. Israel will suffer under the Antichrist. But the people are to be kept at peace. ‘Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because he trusteth in thee’ (ch. 26:3) and, ‘Come, my people, enter thou into thy chambers, and shut thy doors about thee: hide thyself as it were for a little moment, until the indignation be overpast’. (ch. 26:20)
‘They say, ‘Lo! this is our God, we have waited for him, and he will save us: this is the Lord; we have waited for him; we will be glad and rejoice in his salvation‘ (ch 25:9) Things will be turned: ‘In that day shall the LORD of hosts be for a crown of glory, and for a diadem of beauty, unto the residue of his people’ (Isaiah 28:5). God will weigh the path of the just (see ch. 26:7). These chapters show the character and glory of the remnant before judgment is executed on the nation.
In Chapter 33, we have the last day of trouble for the righteous remnant in Zion. Its security is announced on the ground of their righteous walk. ‘Strengthen ye the weak hands and confirm the feeble knees. Say to them that are of a fearful heart, Be strong, fear not: behold, your God will come with vengeance, even God with a recompense; he will come and save you’ (Ch. 35:3-4). The feeble remnant is encouraged while waiting for the Lord. When He comes with vengeance, the ransomed of the Lord will come to Zion with song. This is a Jewish deliverance.
The latter part of Isaiah has a different character: God reasons with His people. In ch. 40-48 we have the general restoration of the nation and the futility of the Babylonish idols. Cyrus is introduced by name, and Christ takes the place of Israel as a servant; He is the true vine.
In chapter 49, we have the Remnant, the preserved of Israel (see v.6), ‘they fear the Lord, and listen to the voice of his servant’. In general, though, God had laboured in vain for Israel. In chapter 51:1, they know and follow after righteousness, and have the law in their heart. At first, the comfort of Zion has not yet come, nor has His arm put on strength. But later the redeemed of the Lord return to Zion. The whole chapter follows the appeals of Jehovah to the righteous Remnant and their deliverance by Him.
Afterwards, in chapter 52, the exalted Servant is introduced, and the Lord bares His arm in the eyes of all the nations. All the ends of the earth see the salvation of the God of Israel. The remnant recognises that the despised and rejected Christ had been bruised for their iniquities (see chapter 53). Then comes the full blessedness of Jerusalem: her Maker is her husband (chapter 54:5). In chapter 57, some of the righteous perish like the Righteous One, but the wicked never have peace. In chapter 58 we see the spirit in which the godly Jew should walk; being part of the suffering remnant, in the midst of an ungodly nation. Jehovah comes in in with righteousness in chapter 60. Chapter 61 is remarkable in that the Lord quotes from this scripture in Luke 4, applying it to Himself, but stops before the part which speaks of the day of vengeance. Yet in the future time, the day of vengeance comes ‘to comfort them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified’ (ch 61:3).
Through these prophecies, we understand the doctrine of an earthly Jewish remnant. The Remnant is owned by Jehovah, piously and confidently waiting for Him to deliver them. This is not a matter of speculation, nor of the interpretation of some obscure text, but the clear, consistent testimony of the Spirit of God.
[1] There is no reference to ‘jewels’ in the original. Darby translated this (Malachi 3:17) as ‘they shall be unto me a peculiar treasure, saith Jehovah of hosts, in the day that I prepare’. Reliable modern translations are similar: e.g. ‘They shall be mine, says the LORD of hosts, in the day when I make up my treasured possession’ (ESV).
[2] Continuing to the Lord’s time in Mary, Elizabeth, Anna and Simeon.
